Smart Contract Automated Testing Guidelines
Author: enderlocph[email protected] || https://github.com/enderphan94/solidity-pentest/
The documents aim to recap my experience in smart contract automated testing besides manual testing. I also put the issues that I faced during the execution, indeed, solutions are given.
For a complex project, you can't just copy paste the single sol file and let it run. To make our life easier, Remix has the localhost connection which allows you to interact with your project in your local machine remotely.
This is something I'm used to doing when the project has a large number of inheritant contracts. Obviously, this makes our life easier than ever by just downloading the git project and do some commands.
- 1.Compile your truffle contract if needed with
npm install(!remember removing the package-lock.json, if it does have it). Otherwise, the remix wouldn't be able to load all libraries for the contracts that are being called. - 2.Go to WorkSpaces on the left panel and choose "Connect to Localhost"
- 1.The message box pops up and you just need to read carefully and copy the command shown in the box to connect your localhost
remixd -s path-to-the-shared-folder --remix-ide remix-ide-instance-URL
Important:
path-to-the-shared-folder: needs to be an absolute pathremix-ide-instance-URL: needs to plain with http or https
eg:
remixd -s /home/enderphan/LOLToken/ --remix-ide http(s)://your-remix-address.com/
Somtimes I still got this error from Remix
Cannot connect to the remixd daemon. Please make sure you have the remixd running in the background.
What I usually do is just switch to a new terminal tab and re-type the remixd command. If needed, you can just uinstall and reinstall the remixd (Close VS-Code to do this, if you have it opened)
The same error but another issue.
You need to just switch the version of solc quickly by a command. The version of solc is kindda painful, depending on the tools and project, you need to use a specific and exact version to compile.. otherwise broke.
During my audit, I've suffered from solc-select installations. I used to install via the shell command, but now they've upgraded to pip3. The thing is that some docker containers do not support pip3, so you would need to install solc-selct into that docker but pip3. Therefore, I've a copied version of the solc-select installed via shell.
Install the version you want
solc-select install 0.8.0
And use it
solc-select use 0.8.0
Check your solc version again
solc --version
- Identifies where the error condition occurs in the source code
- Easily integrates into continuous integration and Truffle builds
- Built-in 'printers' quickly report crucial contract information
- Detector API to write custom analyses in Python
- Ability to analyze contracts written with Solidity >= 0.4
- Correctly parses 99.9% of all public Solidity code
- Average execution time of less than 1 second per contract
Using Pip
pip3 install slither-analyzer
Using Git
git clone https://github.com/crytic/slither.git && cd slither
python3 setup.py install
We recommend using an Python virtual environment, as detailed in the Developer Installation Instructions, if you prefer to install Slither via git.
Using Docker
Use the
eth-security-toolbox docker image. It includes all of our security tools and every major version of Solidity in a single image. /home/share will be mounted to /share in the container.docker pull trailofbits/eth-security-toolbox
To share a directory in the container:
docker run -it -v /home/share:/share trailofbits/eth-security-toolbox
slither <file-name>.solError: Source "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol" not found: File outside of allowed directories.
Fixed: the
--allow-path does not work, just download the library and copy them into the dir.. casual way :/Mythril detects a range of security issues, including integer underflows, owner-overwrite-to-Ether-withdrawal, and others. Note that Mythril is targeted at finding common vulnerabilities, and is not able to discover issues in the business logic of an application. Furthermore, Mythril and symbolic executors are generally unsound, as they are often unable to explore all possible states of a program.
$ docker pull mythril/myth
Install from Pypi:
$ pip3 install mythril
Note: In my exprience, I prefer using mythril version installed via pip3 rather than Docker. I've faced so many issues with the docker version, and I decided to switch to pip3 one.
Via Docker:
docker run -v $(pwd):/tmp mythril/myth a /tmp/<file-name>.sol --solv 0.5.0Issue 1
In case the tool gives you this error:
mythril.mythril.mythril_disassembler [ERROR]: The file Token.sol does not contain a compilable contract. mythril.interfaces.cli [ERROR]: input files do not contain any valid contracts
We can use contract address in testnet or ganache https://mythril-classic.readthedocs.io/en/master/security-analysis.html
Ganache:
myth a --rpc ganache -a <address>Issue 2
Evn: MacOS
Just in case the command
Pip3 install mythril does not work. I don't remember what happened exactly but something does not work with pip3 in MacOS :)Use the following command
sudo xcode-select --switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
Issue 3
Error
in self.solidity_files[file_index].full_contract_src_maps IndexError: list index out of range
Just uninstall mythril and reinstall it
pip3 uninstall mythril
pip3 install mythril
`
This tool takes quite a long time to complete.
Program Exploration: Manticore can execute a program with symbolic inputs and explore all the possible states it can reach
Input Generation: Manticore can automatically produce concrete inputs that result in a given program state
Error Discovery: Manticore can detect crashes and other failure cases in binaries and smart contracts
Instrumentation: Manticore provides fine-grained control of state exploration via event callbacks and instruction hooks
Programmatic Interface: Manticore exposes programmatic access to its analysis engine via a Python API
Note: We recommend installing Manticore in a virtual environment to prevent conflicts with other projects or packages
Option 1: Installing from PyPI:
pip install manticore
Option 2: Installing from PyPI, with extra dependencies needed to execute native binaries:
pip install "manticore[native]"
Option 3: Installing a nightly development build:
pip install --pre "manticore[native]"
Option 4: Installing from the
master branch:git clone https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore.git
cd manticore
pip install -e ".[native]"
Option 5: Install via Docker:
docker pull trailofbits/manticore
Once installed, the
manticore CLI tool and Python API will be available.Sigle contract in a file
manticore <file-name>.sol
Mutiple contracts in a file
manticore <file-name>.sol --contract <main-contract-name>
Note:
Manticore takes quite a long time to complete the scan by default, so usually I also use
--quick-mode option for quick exploration. Disable gas, generate testcase only for alive states, do not explore constant functions. Disable all detectors.manticore <file-name>.sol --contract <main-contract-name> --quick-mode
- Automatic smart contract scanning which generates a list of possible exploits.
- Sending transactions to exploit a smart contract.
- Transaction pool monitor.
- Web3 console
- Frontrunning and backrunning transactions.
- Waiting for a list of transactions and sending out others.
- Estimating gas for transactions means only successful transactions are sent.
- Disabling gas estimation will send transactions with a fixed gas quantity.
pip install theo
Usually I deploy the smart contract in Ganache local network, from that, I can freely have the private keys of many accounts. If you have metamask installed, you can deploy in the testnet and get the private key of the accounts.
- 1.Deploy the contract
- 2.Runtheo --rpc-http <your-network>
- 3.Enter the private key of the attack's account
- 4.Enter the smart contract address
eg:
theo --rpc-http http://127.0.0.1:8545
SmartCheck is an extensible static analysis tool for discovering vulnerabilities and other code issues in Ethereum smart contracts written in the Solidity programming language
npm install @smartdec/smartcheck -g
- 1.Copy the contract to a folder
- 2.Runsmartcheck -p <path to directory or file>
- Supports 38 vulnerabilities (see table below)
- Implements novel context-sensitive static analysis written in Datalog
- Analyzes contracts written in Solidity >= 0.5.8
To build the container:
sudo docker build -t securify .
To run the container:
sudo docker run -it -v <contract-dir-full-path>:/share securify /share/<contract>.sol
contract-dir-full-path: should be the absolute path
eg:
sudo docker run -it -v </Users/foob/contract/>:/share securify /share/test.sol
Ethlint (Formerly Solium) analyzes your Solidity code for style & security issues and fixes them.
npm install -g ethlint
In the root directory of your DApp:
solium --init
This creates .soliumrc.json file, which contains configuration that tells Solium how to lint your project. You should modify this file to configure rules, plugins and sharable configs.
I just usually use this simple setting.
{
"extends": "solium:recommended"
}
Then you can run
solium -f foobar.sol
or
solium -d contracts/
The cspell mono-repo, a spell checker for code.
npm install -g git+https://github.com/streetsidesoftware/cspell-cli
cspell-cli <contract-name>.sol
Surya is an utility tool for smart contract systems. It provides a number of visual outputs and information about the contracts' structure. Also supports querying the function call graph in multiple ways to aid in the manual inspection of contracts.
Install graphviz
brew install graphviz
Install surya
npm install -g surya
surya graph <contract>.sol | dot -Tpng > MyContract.png
Note: I recommend using Surya in VS Code
Here is my list:
- 1.Name: vscode-slither
- 2.Name: Solidity Visual DeveloperVS Marketplace Link: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=tintinweb.solidity-visual-auditor
- 3.Name: SlitherVS Marketplace Link: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=trailofbits.slither-vscode
- 4.Name: Code Spell Checker
- 5.Name: mythril
- 6.Name: solidity
Last modified 2yr ago